幾種典型的英語作文開頭引述方法
Type1引述他人觀點（為提出自己觀點鋪墊）
[1] It is widely（commonly） accepted（hold）+THAT
[2] A widely accepted（commonly） hold idea（point of view，viewpoint， opinion，assumption）is +THAT/NP
[3] A/The dominant（prevalent， prevailing）idea（see [2]）is NP/to DO
[4] It is taken for granted+THAT（or：We often/frequently take it for granted THAT）
[5] People（The majority） seem to get accustomed to the idea（see [2]），without questioning，THAT
[6] People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ
[7] People are willing to DO，while reluctant to DO
Type2提出異議
[1] However （But），…
[2] Such idea（see[1-2]），if not entirely ADJ1，is somewhat ADJ2 and needs careful consideration.
ADJI=unreasonable，unacceptable， inappropriate，improper，undesirable，etc；
ADJ2=misleading，doubtrul， etc
[3] In fact（As a matter of fact），…（follow[2]）
[4] However， it is not （quite， necessarily）the case.
[5] This （It） is not （quite， necessarily） the case and needs to bo fruther considered/discussed.（or：further consideration/discussion）
Type3論述的展開：說明原因和理由，層進，舉例，轉折
[1] The reason lies in several aspects，
[2] The reason why+clause+[1， underlined]
[3] There are several remarkable reasons.
[4] 層進in addition， besides， fruthermore， what’s more， on the other hand， meanwhile， for one thing…for another； finally， above all， in short.
[5] 舉例for example， for instance， such （general term） as （specific terms），a typical （striking） example is that， a case in point
[6] 轉折however， but， nevertheless，on the contrary
[7] 條件if ， provided that， unless， as long as，etc
Type4 就…而言；關于
[1] as far as …is/are concemed： As far as current situation is concerned
[2] as t the problem as to NP有關…的問題
Type5問題
[1] Although much effort has been made， the situation is far from satisfactory （or： the problem remains unsolved， little improvement has been achieved）
[2] There is a tendency， as recent study （investigation） has pointed out （shown， revealed， indicated），+THAT
[3] There is growing concern about +NP
[4] It will inevitably （is likely to ）result in （lead to ） unwanted （serious） consequence （or NP）
[5] Unfortunately，…
[6] We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter.
[7] The process， once initiated， is most likely irreversible.
[8] We are constantly （frequently） faced with NP
TYPE6重要與必要；（應）注意與重視
[1] NP1 is of great importance （necessity， value） in NP2 （or： NP is of enormous significance）
[2] The importance （necessity） of NP （to do sth.） lies in （the fact） that…
[3] NP1 plays， as is known， an irreplaceably important role in NP2
[4] The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant （obvous）
[5] NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2
[6] It is important （necessary） to DO （or：THAT）
[7] Special attention should be pay to …（or： We should pay special attention to…）
[8] What we should take into consideration is +NP
Type7行動
[1]（immediate， emergent， effective） Measures are being taken （has been taken， should be taken） to DO
[3] We have made much effort， there is still more we need to make （cf. We have learnt a lot， there is much more we need to lea123）
Type8二擇其一
[1] If it were left for me to decide whether （wh-clause），I would， without hesitation， choose+to DO （or： I would prefer the former/the latter）
[2] To DO/NP is a matter of prerence.
[3] It is difficult to make a choice for one can hardly gain most without losing any.
[4] The difficulty lies in the fact that the advantages and disadvantages of both cases are equally obvious.
[5] In fact， we may well preserve a delicate balance or compromise between the two than go to extreme.
[6] It is not sensible to exclude one of the choices completely
[7] （of two conflicting ideas， concepts） Though conflicting to one another， they are so closely associated that understanding one will be impossible without discussing the other.
[8] The benefits of NP are varied…
[9]While disadvantages are unavoidable， it is the advantages that prevail.
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