A Concussion（腦震蕩） happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike on; the head in sports．Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury．But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed（使遭受） to radiation this way．

A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury.

The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age.

The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is:

·Normal mental activity.

·No swelling in the back of the head.

·No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. (頭骨)

·And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds.

Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally.

For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar —— except there should be no l vomiting（嘔吐）and no severe headache.

Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered. The brain also needs a "cognitive rest," they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV.

It often take longer than adults to recover from a concussion than adults. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play.

The researchers at the -University of California found that children who received CT scans

       A．were likely to suffer brain injuries 

       B．wouldn't have normal mental activity

       C．would lose consciousness now and then 

       D．were likely to develop canter

How many aspects should doctors consider when deciding whether a child under two needs a CT scan?      

       A．Four．     B．Six．       C．Seven．   D．Nine．

What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

       A．Texting is harmful to patients’ recovery from concussions．

       B．Patients with brain injuries can play many sports．

       C．Adults need a longer time than teens to recover from concussions．

       D．It takes at least a year for individuals with brain injuries to fully recover．

The author of the passage mainly___．

       A．describes the risks of brain injuries

       B．suggests CT scans are of practical use

       C．tells us about the risks of brain injury tests

       D．a(chǎn)rgues against new guidelines for concussions

A Concussion（腦震蕩） happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike on; the head in sports．Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury．But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed（使遭受） to radiation this way．
A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury.
The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age.
The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is:
·Normal mental activity.
·No swelling in the back of the head.
·No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. (頭骨)
·And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds.
Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally.
For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar —— except there should be no l vomiting（嘔吐）and no severe headache.
Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered. The brain also needs a "cognitive rest," they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV.
It often take longer than adults to recover from a concussion than adults. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play.
【小題1】The researchers at the -University of California found that children who received CT scans

A．were likely to suffer brain injuries

B．wouldn’t have normal mental activity

C．would lose consciousness now and then

D．were likely to develop canter

【小題2】How many aspects should doctors consider when deciding whether a child under two needs a CT scan?        

A．Four．

B．Six．

C．Seven．

D．Nine．

【小題3】What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A．Texting is harmful to patients’ recovery from concussions．

B．Patients with brain injuries can play many sports．

C．Adults need a longer time than teens to recover from concussions．

D．It takes at least a year for individuals with brain injuries to fully recover．

【小題4】The author of the passage mainly___．

A．describes the risks of brain injuries

B．suggests CT scans are of practical use

C．tells us about the risks of brain injury tests

D．a(chǎn)rgues against new guidelines for concussions

A Concussion（腦震蕩） happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike on; the head in sports．Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury．But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed to radiation this way．

A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury.

The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age.

The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is:

·Normal mental activity.

·No swelling in the back of the head.

·No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. (頭骨)

·And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds.

Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally.

For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar ——except there should be no loss of consciousness, no vomiting（嘔吐） and no severe headache. 

 Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered. The brain also needs a "cognitive rest," they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV.

It often takes young people longer than adults to recover from a concussion. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play. More than one million cases of concussion are reported each year in the United States alone. A congressional committee has called a hearing Wednesday to discuss legal issues related to head injuries in football.

The researchers at the -University of California found that children who received CT scans

    A．were likely to suffer brain injuries

    B．wouldn't have normal mental activity

    C．would lose consciousness now and then   

    D．were likely to develop cancer

For patients from two to eight, the guidelines are similar to the ones for children under two except___________.

 A. there is normal mental activity.

B. there is no swelling in the back of the head.

C. there is no feeling of a broken bone in the skull.

D. there should be no loss of consciousness

What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

    A．Texting is harmful to patients’ recovery from concussions．

    B．Patients with brain injuries can play many sports．

    C．Adults need a longer time than teens to recover from concussions．

    D．It takes at least a year for individuals with brain injuries to fully recover．

The author of the passage mainly___．

    A．describes the risks of brain injuries

    B．suggests CT scans are of practical use

    C．tells us about the risks of brain injury tests

    D．a(chǎn)rgues against new guidelines for concussions

Fish Ears Tell Fish Tales

　 Fish have ears. Really. They’re quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths (耳石).

　 As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate (碳酸鈣). By looking through a microscope and counting these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish’s age, just like the growth rings of a tree.

　 Ring counting is nothing new to fish scientists. But Thorrold has turned to a new direction. They’re examining the chemical elements (元素) of each otolith ring.

　 The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring.

　 Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water of coastal areas. He can basically tell where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history.

　 In the case of the Atlantic croaker, a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles.

　 This is important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the whereabouts of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean. Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists are now lending Thorrold their ears.

1.What can we learn about fish ears from the text?

　A. They are small soft rings.

　B. They are not seen from the outside.

　C. They are openings only on food fish.

　D. They are not used to receive sound.

2.Why does the writer compare the fish to trees?

　A. Trees gain a growth ring each day.

　B. Trees also have otoliths.

　C. Their growth rings are very small.

　D. They both have growth rings.

3.Why is it important to study the chemistry of otolith rings?

　A. The elements of the otoliths can tell the history of the sea.

　B. Chemical contents of otoliths can tell how fast fish can swim.

　C. We can know more about fish and their living environment.

　D. Scientists can know exactly how old a fish is.

4.How would you understand “fish scientists are now lending their ears”?

　A. They are very interested in Thorrold’s research findings.

　B. They want to know where they can find fish.

　C. They lend their fish for chemical studies.

　D. They wonder if Thorrold can find growth rings from their ears.　

 

Fish Ears Tell Fish Tales

　 Fish have ears. Really. They’re quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths (耳石).

　 As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate (碳酸鈣). By looking through a microscope and counting these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish’s age, just like the growth rings of a tree.

　 Ring counting is nothing new to fish scientists. But Thorrold has turned to a new direction. They’re examining the chemical elements (元素) of each otolith ring.

　 The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring.

　 Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water of coastal areas. He can basically tell where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history.

　 In the case of the Atlantic croaker, a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles.

　 This is important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the whereabouts of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean. Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists are now lending Thorrold their ears.

What can we learn about fish ears from the text?

　A. They are small soft rings.

　B. They are not seen from the outside.

　C. They are openings only on food fish.

　D. They are not used to receive sound.

Why does the writer compare the fish to trees?

　A. Trees gain a growth ring each day.

　B. Trees also have otoliths.

　C. Their growth rings are very small.

　D. They both have growth rings.

Why is it important to study the chemistry of otolith rings?

　A. The elements of the otoliths can tell the history of the sea.

　B. Chemical contents of otoliths can tell how fast fish can swim.

　C. We can know more about fish and their living environment.

　D. Scientists can know exactly how old a fish is.

How would you understand “fish scientists are now lending their ears”?

　A. They are very interested in Thorrold’s research findings.

　B. They want to know where they can find fish.

　C. They lend their fish for chemical studies.

　D. They wonder if Thorrold can find growth rings from their ears.　

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當?shù)膯卧~。
注意：1. 每空格1個單詞。2.所有答案寫在答題紙指定位置，否則不計分。
Searching for the truth
Collecting and writing news is like researching in history: the best information comes from those who were there at the time. So if' we want to study the history of China in the sixth century AD, we look at the writings of the people who lived then. They are called the primary sources because they tell us what it was like to live then. People at a much later date who write about the same events are called the secondary sources. For example, when we read the original writings of Jia Sixie on agriculture, we are reading a primary source; when we read about Jia Sixie in our textbook we are reading secondary source because the passage was written about him and his ideas many years after he died.
When we make news, we use primary and secondary sources. We can see this most clearly in TV programmes. As we watch the news on TV, the person presenting the programme in the studio is the secondary source( because he tells us about the news) and the reporter in Iraq or Washington is the primary source (because he is telling us about what is actually happening there). Without these reporters acting as primary sources, you would never find out what really happened in a war, earthquake, sports meeting, concert or festival. These reporters explain what is happening, so we have a clearer idea of what is going on there. They often take photographers with them who act as primary source by giving pictures of events.
In a newspaper, the position is different because these two roles are often combined. This means a reporter who investigates a story may be the same person who writes it. If this happens, the reporter is both the primary and the secondary source. But the photographer who works with him/her is still a primary source.
One of the reasons that it is important to separate primary and secondary sources is that they help us to decide what is a fact and what is an opinion. A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. An opinion is somebody's idea of what happened. So facts and opinions are often mixed in any report, whether in a newspaper or on TV.
What have you learnt from the above passage?

Primary Source	Primary sources are the writing of' the people who lived at (1)________time and offer an inside view of a particular event.
Secondary source	Secondary sources are the writings of the people who write about the same events at a much later date with explanation and analysis (2)_________ on primary sources.
News on TV	The TV (3)__________ in the studio is the secondary source while the reporter on the (4) ____________ is the primary source.
News in a newspaper	A newspaper reporter can be both primary and secondary source if he collects the information and then (5) ___________ the news.  But the photographer(6) _________ with the reporter is always a primary source.
Fact	A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. In other (7)____________, it is something that is (8) ___________.
Opinion	An opinion is somebody's idea of what (9)___________ on.
Conclusion	Primary and secondary sources are both important for (10)_______ the truth.

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每空格1個單詞。
Searching for the truth
Collecting mid writing news is like researching in history: the best information comes from those who were there at the time. So if' we want to study tile history of China in the sixth century AD, we look at the writings of the people who lived then. They are called the primary sources because they tell us what it was like to live then. People at a much later date who write about the same events are called the secondary sources.  For example, when we read the original writings of Jia Sixie on agriculture, we are reading a primary source; when we read about Jia Sixie in our textbook we are reading secondary source because the passage was written about him and his ideas many years after he died.
When we make news we use primary and secondary sources. We can see this most clearly in TV programmes. As we watch the news on TV, the person presenting the programme in the studio is the secondary source( because he tells us about the news) and the reporter in. Iraq or Washington is the primary source (because he is telling us about what is actually happening there). Without these reporters acting as primary sources, you would never find out what really happened in a war, earthquake, sports meeting, concert or festival. These reporters explain what is happening so we have a clearer idea of what is going on there. They often take photographers with them who act as primary source by giving pictures of events.
In a newspaper the position is different because these two roles are often combined. This means a reporter who investigates a story may be the same person who writes it. If this happens, the reporter is both the primary and the secondary source. But the photographer who works with him/her is still a primary, source.
One of the reasons that it is important to separate primary and secondary sources is that they help us to decide what is a fact and what is an opinion. A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. An opinion is somebody's idea of what happened. So facts and opinions are often mixed in any report, whether in a newspaper or on TV.
What have you learnt from the above passage?

Primary Source	Primary sources are the writing of' the people who lived at (1)___________ time and offer an inside view of a particular event
Secondary source	Secondary sources are the writings of the people who write about the same events at a much later date with explanation and analysis (2)_________ on primary sources
News on TV	The TV (3)__________ in the studio is tile secondary source while the reporter on the (4) ____________ is the primary source
News in a newspaper	A newspaper reporter can be both primary and secondary source if he collects the information anti then (5) ______________ the news.  But the photographer(6) ___________ with the reporter is always a primary source
Fact	A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. In other (7)____________, it is something that is (8) ________________
Opinion	An opinion is somebody's idea of what (9)________________on
Conclusion	Primary and secondary sources are both important for (10)_______ the truth

 單詞拼寫（共8小題；每小題1分，滿分8分）

1.Sang Lan knew that the secret to happiness is to have a_____________（感激） for the good things in life.

2.My most v_________（清晰的） and happiest memories are those of school days.

3.My American friends are not ____________（熟悉） with that particular festival.

4.The UN assists thousands of v________（難民） of wars and disasters every year.

5.After graduation, many students are willing to r__________（偏遠的） places in the west of China to work.

6.This text tells us about the e____________（演變） of video and sound devices.

7.Nowadays, most old people have medical i_____________（保險） in China, so they can see a doctor easily.

8.A ___________（典型的） mobile phone call is nearly always given greater importance than a face-to-face conversation.

 

單詞拼寫（共8小題；每小題1分，滿分8分）
【小題1】Sang Lan knew that the secret to happiness is to have a_____________（感激） for the good things in life.
【小題2】My most v_________（清晰的） and happiest memories are those of school days.
【小題3】My American friends are not ____________（熟悉） with that particular festival.
【小題4】The UN assists thousands of v________（難民） of wars and disasters every year.
【小題5】After graduation, many students are willing to r__________（偏遠的） places in the west of China to work.
【小題6】This text tells us about the e____________（演變） of video and sound devices.
【小題7】Nowadays, most old people have medical i_____________（保險） in China, so they can see a doctor easily.
【小題8】A ___________（典型的） mobile phone call is nearly always given greater importance than a face-to-face conversation.

Fish Ears Tell Fish Tales
　 Fish have ears. Really. They’re quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths (耳石).
　 As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate (碳酸鈣). By looking through a microscope and counting these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish’s age, just like the growth rings of a tree.
　 Ring counting is nothing new to fish scientists. But Thorrold has turned to a new direction. They’re examining the chemical elements (元素) of each otolith ring.
　 The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring.
　 Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water of coastal areas. He can basically tell where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history.
　 In the case of the Atlantic croaker, a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles.
　 This is important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the whereabouts of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean. Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists are now lending Thorrold their ears.
【小題1】What can we learn about fish ears from the text?

A．They are small soft rings.

B．They are not seen from the outside.

C．They are openings only on food fish.

D．They are not used to receive sound.

【小題2】Why does the writer compare the fish to trees?

A．Trees gain a growth ring each day.

B．Trees also have otoliths.

C．Their growth rings are very small.

D．They both have growth rings.

【小題3】Why is it important to study the chemistry of otolith rings?

A．The elements of the otoliths can tell the history of the sea.

B．Chemical contents of otoliths can tell how fast fish can swim.

C．We can know more about fish and their living environment.

D．Scientists can know exactly how old a fish is.

【小題4】How would you understand “fish scientists are now lending their ears”?

A．They are very interested in Thorrold’s research findings.

B．They want to know where they can find fish.

C．They lend their fish for chemical studies.

D．They wonder if Thorrold can find growth rings from their ears.

December 21, 2012 marks the completion of the 5,125 year Great Cycle of the Ancient Maya Long Count Calendar.

Rather than being an end－point, this cycle that is closing is naturally I followed by the start of a new cycle. What this new cycle has in store for humanity is a mystery that has yet to unfold...

The recent 2012 movie serves to alert a targeted 140 million people, in case they too haven't already heard the news. Unfortunately, however, the movie does a disservice because it distorts the message of this ancient prophecy (預言) by associating it with fear and destruction, as described by the movie's global disaster scenario (場景), rather than the themes of transformation and renewal the prophecy is actually based on.

In other words, the global scenario of the 2012 movie is not based on any facts. As Emmerich clarifies，“We only used the fact that the Mayan calendar ends. That gave us the year.” Emmerich said after checking out the range of 2012 books on Amazon, he realized, “...there are so many (theories) that, in a way, you can just create your own.” He shares that “2012” was tacked on as a title to his disaster movie because it is something “people believe” and it made the movie seem more “real.”

Interestingly, Emmerich's underlying motivation for the movie seems to be genuine concern about the course we are all on as modern society. As he states, “I hope we are not ruining our planet. I really believe that, if we keep going and doing what we are doing, we will not be leaving the planet how it should be, for our kids. That has been going on for generations. It just very sad to see and read the news, every day, and see what these people are fighting over. It's like they don't  understand that the clock is ticking.”

6. According to the Ancient Maya Long Count Calendar, December 21,2012 is the day on which ________.

A. the world will end with many disasters

B. the old age will end and a new one will begin

C. there will be a world flood

D. the world can survive many disasters

7. Which of the following is TRUE about the movie 2012?

A. It is intended to explore what is in store in the new cycle.

B. It tells us about the Ancient Maya Long Count Calendar as it is.

C. It is just based on the director's ideas.

D. It describes the ancient prophecy vividly.

8. What Emmerich says suggests that ________.

A. he is quite concerned about the present situation on the earth

B. he is regretful that people have misunderstood his movie

C. he himself believes what is described in the movie

D. he just wants to attract viewers by the disaster scenario

9. By this passage, the author intends to ________.

A. tell us about what the movie 2012 is all about

B. help the director to promote his film

C. tell us what we should learn from the movie 2012

D. explain whether we can trust the ancient prophecy

10. The underlined word “distort” in the third paragraph probably means ________.

A. change something in a wrong way

B. convey the original meaning

C. describe something clearly

D. give more proof to something

George Washington Carver showed that plant life was more than just food for animals and humans. Carver’s first step was to analyze plant parts to find out what they were made of. He then combined these simpler isolated substances with other substances to create new products.

The branch of chemistry that studies and finds ways to use raw materials from farm products to make industrial products is called chemurgy. Carver was one of the first and greatest chemurgists of all time. Today the science of chemurgy is better known as the science of synthetics(合成纖維織物). Each day people depend on and use synthetics made from raw materials. All his life Carver battled against the disposal of waste materials, and warned of the growing need to develop substitutes(代用品) for the natural substances being used up by humans.

Carver never cared about getting credit for the new products he created. He never tried to patent(申請專利) his discoveries or get wealthy from them. He turned down many offers to leave Tuskegee Institute to become a scientist in private industry. Thomas Edison, inventor of the electric light, offered him a laboratory in Detroit to carry out food research. When the United States government made him a collaborator in the Mycology and Plant Disease Survey of the Department of Agriculture, he accepted the position with the understanding that he wouldn’t leave Tuskegee. An authority on plant disease—especially of the fungus(真菌) variety—Carver sent hundreds of specimens(標本) to the United States Department of Agriculture. At the peak of his career, Carver’s fame and influence were known on every continent.

What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. It mainly tells us about Gorge Washington Carver, a great chemurgist.

B. It mainly tells us about chemurgy.

C. It mainly tells us about the research made in Tuskegee.

D. It mainly tells us about the development of making synthetics.

The underlined word “disposal” in the second paragraph mean “________”.

A. control       B. throwing away       

C. management      D. keeping

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. Make a study of plant parts.

B. Make new products out of farm products.

C. Carver helped the United States Department of Agriculture.

D. Make a study on animal disease.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Carver never patented what he discovered.

B. Carver refused many offers to work in private companies.

C. Carver made little money out of his discoveries.

D. Carver helped Edison invent electric light.

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每空格1個單詞。

Searching for the truth

Collecting mid writing news is like researching in history: the best information comes from those who were there at the time. So if' we want to study tile history of China in the sixth century AD, we look at the writings of the people who lived then. They are called the primary sources because they tell us what it was like to live then. People at a much later date who write about the same events are called the secondary sources.  For example, when we read the original writings of Jia Sixie on agriculture, we are reading a primary source; when we read about Jia Sixie in our textbook we are reading secondary source because the passage was written about him and his ideas many years after he died.

When we make news we use primary and secondary sources. We can see this most clearly in TV programmes. As we watch the news on TV, the person presenting the programme in the studio is the secondary source( because he tells us about the news) and the reporter in. Iraq or Washington is the primary source (because he is telling us about what is actually happening there). Without these reporters acting as primary sources, you would never find out what really happened in a war, earthquake, sports meeting, concert or festival. These reporters explain what is happening so we have a clearer idea of what is going on there. They often take photographers with them who act as primary source by giving pictures of events.

In a newspaper the position is different because these two roles are often combined. This means a reporter who investigates a story may be the same person who writes it. If this happens, the reporter is both the primary and the secondary source. But the photographer who works with him/her is still a primary, source.

One of the reasons that it is important to separate primary and secondary sources is that they help us to decide what is a fact and what is an opinion. A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. An opinion is somebody's idea of what happened. So facts and opinions are often mixed in any report, whether in a newspaper or on TV.

What have you learnt from the above passage?

Primary Source	Primary sources are the writing of' the people who lived at (1)___________ time and offer an inside view of a particular event
Secondary source	Secondary sources are the writings of the people who write about the same events at a much later date with explanation and analysis (2)_________ on primary sources
News on TV	The TV (3)__________ in the studio is tile secondary source while the reporter on the (4) ____________ is the primary source
News in a newspaper	A newspaper reporter can be both primary and secondary source if he collects the information anti then (5) ______________ the news.  But the photographer(6) ___________ with the reporter is always a primary source
Fact	A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. In other (7)____________, it is something that is (8) ________________
Opinion	An opinion is somebody's idea of what (9)________________on
Conclusion	Primary and secondary sources are both important for (10)_______ the truth

 

A Concussion（腦震蕩） happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike on; the head in sports．Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury．But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed（使遭受） to radiation this way．

A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury.

The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age.

The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is:

·Normal mental activity.

·No swelling in the back of the head.

·No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. (頭骨)

·And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds.

Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally.

For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar —— except there should be no l vomiting（嘔吐）and no severe headache.

Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered. The brain also needs a "cognitive rest," they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV.

It often take longer than adults to recover from a concussion than adults. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play.

1.The researchers at the -University of California found that children who received CT scans

         A．were likely to suffer brain injuries    

         B．wouldn't have normal mental activity

         C．would lose consciousness now and then 

         D．were likely to develop canter

2.How many aspects should doctors consider when deciding whether a child under two needs a CT scan?       

         A．Four．        B．Six．  C．Seven．     D．Nine．

3.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

         A．Texting is harmful to patients’ recovery from concussions．

         B．Patients with brain injuries can play many sports．

         C．Adults need a longer time than teens to recover from concussions．

         D．It takes at least a year for individuals with brain injuries to fully recover．

4.The author of the passage mainly___．

         A．describes the risks of brain injuries

         B．suggests CT scans are of practical use

         C．tells us about the risks of brain injury tests

         D．a(chǎn)rgues against new guidelines for concussions

 

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當?shù)膯卧~。

注意：1. 每空格1個單詞。2.所有答案寫在答題紙指定位置，否則不計分。

Searching for the truth

Collecting and writing news is like researching in history: the best information comes from those who were there at the time. So if' we want to study the history of China in the sixth century AD, we look at the writings of the people who lived then. They are called the primary sources because they tell us what it was like to live then. People at a much later date who write about the same events are called the secondary sources. For example, when we read the original writings of Jia Sixie on agriculture, we are reading a primary source; when we read about Jia Sixie in our textbook we are reading secondary source because the passage was written about him and his ideas many years after he died.

When we make news, we use primary and secondary sources. We can see this most clearly in TV programmes. As we watch the news on TV, the person presenting the programme in the studio is the secondary source( because he tells us about the news) and the reporter in Iraq or Washington is the primary source (because he is telling us about what is actually happening there). Without these reporters acting as primary sources, you would never find out what really happened in a war, earthquake, sports meeting, concert or festival. These reporters explain what is happening, so we have a clearer idea of what is going on there. They often take photographers with them who act as primary source by giving pictures of events.

In a newspaper, the position is different because these two roles are often combined. This means a reporter who investigates a story may be the same person who writes it. If this happens, the reporter is both the primary and the secondary source. But the photographer who works with him/her is still a primary source.

One of the reasons that it is important to separate primary and secondary sources is that they help us to decide what is a fact and what is an opinion. A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. An opinion is somebody's idea of what happened. So facts and opinions are often mixed in any report, whether in a newspaper or on TV.

What have you learnt from the above passage?

Primary Source	Primary sources are the writing of' the people who lived at (1)________time and offer an inside view of a particular event.
Secondary source	Secondary sources are the writings of the people who write about the same events at a much later date with explanation and analysis (2)_________ on primary sources.
News on TV	The TV (3)__________ in the studio is the secondary source while the reporter on the (4) ____________ is the primary source.
News in a newspaper	A newspaper reporter can be both primary and secondary source if he collects the information and then (5) ___________ the news.  But the photographer(6) _________ with the reporter is always a primary source.
Fact	A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. In other (7)____________, it is something that is (8) ___________.
Opinion	An opinion is somebody's idea of what (9)___________ on.
Conclusion	Primary and secondary sources are both important for (10)_______ the truth.